A field guide to finding things out
Do your own research. Here's how.
Two jobs, two ways in: a quick check for a claim in front of you, and the longer, looping work of researching a question properly.
“Do your own research” has become a punchline. Too often it means watching videos until something feels true, then stopping.
That’s a shame, because the advice is good. You should check things for yourself. Reporters, librarians and researchers do it every day, and none of what they do is secret. But it helps to know which job you’re doing.
Checking a claim is quick. Someone has shared a number or a quote, and you want to know whether to believe it. Four moves, in order, usually take minutes.
Researching a question is different, and it doesn’t run in a straight line. You read before you know exactly what you’re asking. Your question sharpens as you go. Every source points to others, and you check the important ones against their originals as you read. You start writing long before you finish reading, and the writing shows you what’s missing. People who do this for a living loop through it again and again, and feeling lost partway through is normal.
This site teaches both. Every method page ends with a real task: a real claim, a real source, and an answer you can check against ours. You learn research by doing it.
It won’t tell you what to conclude. It will show you how to find out.
Two tracks
Minutes · 4 pages
Check a claim
Someone's shared a number, a quote or a story. Four quick moves tell you whether to believe it, and whether to pass it on.
- Stop
- Investigate the source
- Find better coverage
- Trace it to the original
Days to years · 5 pages
Research a question
You want to understand something properly. Six phases that overlap and loop: you'll read before you know your question, and write before you've finished reading.
- Get your bearings
- Find your focus
- Follow the trail
- Read closely
- Write as you go
- Check and share
Research a question: the phases
These aren't a checklist. Reading changes your question, writing shows you what's missing, and both send you back to the trail. Most research loops through the middle phases many times.
- Get your bearings What's known, who's talking, and what words do they use? 2 pages · 2 planned
- Find your focus What exactly can I find out, and finish? 0 pages · 3 planned
- Follow the trail Where are the sources, and where do they lead? 1 page · 7 planned
- Read closely What does each source really say? 1 page · 4 planned
- Write as you go What do I think, and what's still missing? 1 page · 3 planned
- Check and share Can someone else follow my trail? 0 pages · 4 planned
The library
0 pages · 7 planned
Guides
Paths through both tracks for a specific job: researching a statistic, a law, a company, a candidate, a health claim or a photo.
0 pages · 10 planned
Sources
Profiles of the places real information lives: what each one measures, what it misses, how to get at it, and how to cite it.
0 pages · 1 planned
Traces
One real claim per page, followed back to where it started: who said it, where they got it, and what changed along the way.
8 pages · 0 planned
Paper structures
What a research paper looks like at each level, from a middle school report to a journal article: its parts in order, who reads it, and what that reader expects.
2 pages · 3 planned
Shelf
The books behind the method. What each one teaches about doing research and writing it up, where it shows up on this site, and what has dated.
Start with these
- 01 Stop Before You ShareCheck a claim · Before you believe or pass on a claim, pause for a few seconds: notice how it makes you feel, ask what you know about where it came from, and decide how much checking it deserves.
- 02 Investigate the SourceCheck a claim · Before you read a source closely, leave it and see what others say about it: who runs it, who pays for it, and what it's known for. Professional fact-checkers call this lateral reading.
- 03 Find Better CoverageCheck a claim · When the claim matters more than the post it came in, set the post aside and look for what the best available sources say about the same claim. If they agree, you have your answer fast.
- 04 Follow the Citation ChainCheck a claim · Most claims reach you secondhand. Follow each one back, link by link, until you reach the source that produced it, then compare what it says with what you were told.
- 05 Middle School Research ReportPaper structures · The first real research paper most students write: a question, several sources, an answer in your own words, and a list of where it came from. Here are its parts and what a teacher looks for.
- 06 How to Write a ThesisShelf · Umberto Eco's 1977 guide for students writing their first long piece of research. Written for typewriters and index cards, and still one of the best books on how research actually gets done.
Recently updated
- Chase References Backward and Forward Phase 3 · Follow the trail · Phase 3 ·
- Check References as You Read Phase 4 · Read closely · Phase 4 ·
- Cut Ten Percent Phase 5 · Write as you go · Phase 5 ·
- Expect to Feel Lost Phase 1 · Get your bearings · Phase 1 ·
- Find Better Coverage Check a claim · Move 3 ·
- Follow the Citation Chain Check a claim · Move 4 ·
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